Amafutha amaminerali, ukuhlanganiswa kwesigamu, ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele kokuthathu. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwabo?

Ukuze ugcine injini isesimweni esihle, inqubo kawoyela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nentuthuko, ngokuhambisana ngezigaba ngamafutha amaminerali, synthesis isigamu, ingqikithi zamagama ezintathu. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwabo? I-Bond - isixazululo sakho.

Ukwakheka kwamafutha

Amafutha ngokuyinhloko ahlukana abe izingxenye ezimbili: amafutha ayisisekelo kanye nezithasiselo

Uwoyela wesisekelo uyisici esiyinhloko samafutha ukunquma izakhiwo eziyisisekelo zikawoyela, umthelela oqondile emthelela wokuthambisa, izithasiselo zikawoyela kokuncane, okusetshenziselwa ukwenza kanye nokwenza ngcono ukushoda kokusebenza kukawoyela wesisekelo.

01 amafutha amaminerali

Amafutha amaminerali ayisisekelo sawoyela ongahluziwe, inqubo ethile yokukhiqiza imi kanje: lapho kucwengwa uwoyela, kuhlukaniswa uphethiloli owusizo, phansi kukawoyela osalayo kanye namafutha amaminerali acolisisiwe. Amafutha amaminerali, amadala kakhulu, kodwa ngokobuchwepheshe anemikhawulo ethile yesikhathi futhi umphumela wokugcoba ulinganiselwe

02 isigamu samafutha enjini yokwenziwa

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwenjini, isidingo samafutha siya ngokuya sikhuphuka, ososayensi kufanele bathathe ingxenye yamafutha amaminerali, i-synthetic ester noma i-polyolefin futhi izithasiselo, ingxenye ikhiqizwa uwoyela wenjini yokwenziwa, uma kuqhathaniswa "nezithako zemvelo" amaminerali. uwoyela, ukusebenza kukawoyela we-semi-synthetic injini kuhloswe kakhulu, umphumela wokugcoba ungcono

03 uwoyela wenjini owenziwe ngokuphelele

Uwoyela wenjini yokwenziwa ngokuphelele ungumkhiqizo wokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bamakhemikhali besimanje, konke ngowoyela wesisekelo sokwenziwa awuxubene nowoyela wamaminerali, ngenxa yokuhlelwa kahle kwamangqamuzana, anokumelana nokungqubuzana okuncane, ukumelana okuqinile kwe-oxidation, isikhathi eside sokushintsha uwoyela.

Ngamafuphi, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu

Okokuqala isetshenziswe emotweni, bese ifakwa ku-civil