Emakethe yaseShayina, ukuphi umgwaqo wezithambisi zezimoto?

Emakethe yaseShayina, ukuphi umgwaqo wezithambisi zezimoto?

Eyodwa kusukela ebuthweni le-OEM kuya ekuqalisweni komkhiqizo ozimele

Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo-1980, imboni yezimoto ehlangene yeSino-foreign yaqala ukubonakala eShayina, futhi izinhlobo zezimoto zomhlaba wonke ezifana neVolkswagen, General Motors kanye neFord zaqala ukungena emakethe yezwe laseChina. Ikhungethwe ubuchwepheshe obudala bokwenza izimoto, i-China kancane kancane iyasuka emlandweni wayo obuhlungu wezimoto "ezenziwe ngezandla". Kusukela lapho, i-Santana, i-Beijing Jeep, i-SAIC Volkswagen nezinye izinhlobo sezivele emigwaqweni yaseChina futhi zaduma embonini yezimoto yaseChina. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimboni ezikhuphuka nomfula ezingaphansi komfula zezingxenye zezimoto ezisekela izimoto nazo zithuthuka ngokugcwele ezweni lonke. Izinto zokugcoba ziyisibonelo esibaluleke kakhulu nesicacile sohlelo lokusekela lwemboni yezimoto. Ngawo-1960, ngezidingo zokukhiqizwa kwemboni yezimoto kanye ne-aerospace, imboni yokugcoba yaqala ukuqala kancane kancane. Ngawo-1990, izinkampani zokuthambisa zaseShayina ezaziholwa yiGreat Wall Lubricant zaqala ukukhula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwavela izinkampani eziningi ezizimele zokugcoba. Isibonelo, eyasungulwa ngo-2004, i-Ribang Technology lubricant entsha yamandla kanye namanye amabhizinisi asekhaya aziwa kakhulu e-lubricant.

Esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokuthambisa, amabhizinisi aseShayina awanabo ukukhiqizwa okumisiwe okujwayelekile nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula. Ngokubambisana nemikhiqizo yangaphandle, kancane kancane baye baqongelela ubuchwepheshe babo obujulile bokukhiqiza nokucubungula. Ngemuva kokuthola ulwazi ngokukhiqiza nokulawula ikhwalithi kancane kancane, amabhizinisi amaningi azimele eShayina abambe iminyaka yegolide yokukhula kwezimoto zasekhaya kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemakethe yezimoto, futhi kancane kancane athuthukiswa ekukhiqizeni kwe-OEM kwemikhiqizo emithathu ehamba phambili emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe ye-Meijia Shell. . Uphawu oluqinile luyimboni eqinile, futhi imboni eqinile iyizwe eliqinile. Eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo, izinhlobo ezizimele ezifuywayo zizoqhubeka zikhuphuka, kuyilapho isikhundla esihola emakethe semikhiqizo ethile eyaziwayo yamazwe ngamazwe sizokwehla kancane kancane. Amabhrendi aqhudelana nabaphethe ngokuzwela kwemakethe, ukukhiqiza okuguquguqukayo nokusebenza kwezindleko eziphezulu. Idatha efanelekile ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2021, izinhlobo zokugcoba zakwamanye amazwe zithatha u-93.9% wemakethe yasekhaya, kuyilapho izinhlobo ezizimele zenza kuphela u-6.1% wesabelo semakethe. Imakethe enkulu yasekhaya yezigcobo icishe iphathwe yimikhiqizo yangaphandle.

Okwesibili, ukusuka esiteshini kuya emkhiqizweni wangempela, ukusuka enanini kuye kwenye isevisi

Ngaphambilini, imakethe yasekhaya yezigcobo yayisetshenziswa kakhulu yizinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu nezinye izinhlobo zamazwe ngamazwe, ezibalelwa cishe ku-97% wesabelo semakethe. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esidlule, abathengisi be-lubricant babekwazi ukunikezwa kweziteshi zezinga lokuqala, okusho ukuthi ilungelo lokukhuluma esifundeni, kodwa futhi kusho ukuthi ungaqamba amanga ukuze wenze imali, futhi inzuzo icebile kakhulu. Namuhla, kunemikhiqizo yokugcoba engaphezu kuka-6,000 emakethe yasekhaya. Okushoda yimakethe akusewona umkhiqizo, ingasaphathwa eyesiteshi. Ngokuhambisana nokwanda okukhulu kokukhanyela kolwazi, ukufinyelela akusenzima. Ukuthi umkhiqizo ngokwawo ungaletha indawo ethile yenzuzo kumthengisi isibe yindinganiso ebalulekile ngenkathi yevolumu yangaphakathi. Imikhiqizo yamazwe ngamazwe njengemikhiqizo emithathu emikhulu isiphenduke izingqalabutho zemakethe ngenxa yokucaca kwazo ezimakethe eziphezulu kanye nenzuzo yamanani aphansi. Bese kuba nezikhali zangaphambili ezisezingeni eliphansi, kodwa manje sezishintshiwe buthule yimikhiqizo yazo. Izinsizakalo zokufika ezicolisisiwe kanye nokulawulwa kwezimakethe okuqinile sekuphenduke ukukhetha kwenzuzo yesikhathi esimaphakathi - neyesikhathi eside kubathengisi abaningi.

Amakesi omgunyathi wamafutha nawo avamile, futhi ukwenziwa komgunyathi komkhiqizo kungenzeka kakhulu ezinkampanini zamazwe ngamazwe njengemikhiqizo emithathu emikhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi iziteshi zokulawula kunzima ukuzilawula ngokuqinile futhi nokuqwashisa ngemakethe kuphezulu kakhulu, asikho isikhala samambumbulu, kodwa ngenxa yezinto ezinjengokulawulwa kwesiteshi nokulawulwa kwesevisi yemikhiqizo ezimele, kanye namandla okuthenga abuthaka nezinye izici, kukhona ama-fake. Izithambisi zasekhaya zigcizelela izinga eliphezulu futhi zingabizi. Ngokulawulwa kwezindleko zomkhakha wezimboni okhuphuka nomfula uphansi nomfula, singakwazi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu futhi engabizi kakhulu, sinciphise njalo intengo kawoyela wokugcoba, futhi sizuze ngokuqondile iningi labanikazi bezimoto. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinhlobo ezizimele ezifuywayo nazo ziye zaqaphela ukuthi impi yentengo ayikwazi ukusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi eside komkhiqizo, futhi ikhulise imizamo yabo ezindaweni zokumaketha kanye nezinsizakalo, ezifana nokuthatha izingqondo zabathengi ababulalayo. kanye nokusebenzisa imidiya emisha emikhulu ukuze kubonakale umphakathi, okudlale indima ethile.

Izindlela ezintathu zokubambisana

Kusukela eduze kwamabhizinisi akhuphukayo kuye eduze nabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ezansi nomfula esikhathini esedlule, imboni yezigcobo yayigcwele abakhiqizi ngokuphelele. Ubudlelwano phakathi komthengisi nomkhiqizi bumane nje bokuthenga nokudayisa. Abathengisi basebenza njengabakhiqizi bemikhiqizo nezimpahla. I-viscosity yesiteshi sokuphambukisa kumkhiqizi iphansi kakhulu, ingasaphathwa eyokwethembeka. Esikhathini lapho iziteshi ziyinkosi, inzuzo iyona kuphela isixhumanisi. Kukhona inzuzo, ngeke kube nokuntuleka kwabalingani.

Ukunamathela phakathi kwabathengisi nabakhiqizi sekuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yokusimama kubakhiqizi. Ukuze kusekelwe abathengisi, abakhiqizi bazotshala izinsiza ezengeziwe kubathengisi, futhi bahlanganise ngokujulile abathengisi esifundeni ukuze bathole ukucwila okuhle kwezimakethe zesifunda. Ngakho-ke, "ukucwila" sekuphenduke ukukhala kwezinkampani ezizimele ukuthi zihlasele indawo yemakethe. Isibonelo, amafutha e-Ribon ahlanganisa okuthakaselayo komunye nomunye, futhi avumele ngisho nabathengisi ukuthi babe yingxenye yefekthri ngokwabelana ngokulinganayo noma ukusatshalaliswa, ukuze kuzuzwe iphethini yokusabalalisa inzuzo yesikhathi eside.

Umehluko wezikhundla ezine

Imakethe yezigcobo igcwele amathuba, kodwa futhi nezinselelo kanye nezingibe. Njengamanje, kunezitayela eziyisithupha ezinkulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo yokuthambisa ejwayelekile emakethe yasekhaya:

Okokuqala, yakha ngokuqinile ama-brand azimele, ukunakwa okwengeziwe kumikhiqizo ezimele.

Okufana nowoyela wokugcoba i-Great Wall, i-Longpan Technology, iCompton, uwoyela wokugcoba ongamakhilomitha angu-zero nokunye.

Okwesibili ukunikeza ngokungaguquki imikhiqizo esekelayo yemikhiqizo ezimele. Ngaphezu kwamafutha okugcoba, kunemikhiqizo esekela uwoyela wokugcoba, njengamafutha kaphethiloli, izithasiselo zokulungisa injini kawoyela, kanye nemikhiqizo esekwe emanzini njenge-antifreeze. Isibonelo, i-Longpan Technology ikhiqiza imikhiqizo esekwe emanzini ukuze inothise ngokuqhubekayo amandla esevisi ekamu lomkhiqizo wayo futhi ithathe imakethe.

Okwesithathu, kuthatha ibhrendi lwayo njengesibhengezo, futhi ilwela ukuba "isisekelo se-Liangshan Hero" esihlanganisa ndawonye izinhlobo eziningi zikawoyela njengePetrochemical ehlanganisiwe, iLake Technology, neNew Century New Energy, egxile ekuhlanganiseni kwe-OEM. Kwethenjwa ukuthi ngamandla ayo emboni, izoba yindawo yangemuva nokusekelwa kwemikhiqizo eminingi futhi isize imikhiqizo eminingi ezimele ukuthi ihambe ibanga elide.

Okwesine, ukukhiqizwa kwe-OEM yokuqala kanye nocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa njengenzuzo eyinhloko. Ngenkathi siqhubeka nokugcina ukuncintisana kwe-OEM, manje sithuthukisa ngamandla izinhlobo ezizimele ze-OBM, njenge-Meihe Technology, i-Yuangen Petrochemical, njll., ukuze sizuze ukuthuthukiswa okufanayo kwamadrayivu amabili.

Okwesihlanu, ngokuvela nokuthuthukiswa kwamanye amashaneli, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokuvela kwezinsiza, amanye amandla amasha aholwa ukuthengwa kwempahla okuphakathi nendawo ayakhuphuka, okuzohambisana nezinzuzo ezihambisanayo zamafutha amakhulu ahamba phambili. Amabhizinisi ukusebenzisana ne-OEM, noma ukubambisana okukhethekile kwelayisensi yomkhiqizo, noma ukubambisana komkhiqizo okumbaxambili. Yimigudu nokubambisana nezimboni ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezithole intuthuko esheshayo.

Okwesithupha, eminyakeni yakamuva, ezinye izinhlobo zemikhiqizo ezidumile emhlabeni wonke zeminyaka eyi-100 seziphenduke abahlinzeki abajwayelekile bezinye izigaba ezibalulekile zemishini yokusingathwa ngemuva kweminyaka eyikhulu yokulima kakhulu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithonya lomkhiqizo liye laqashelwa yimakethe. Ngokusebenzisa amazinga aqinile omkhiqizo wamazwe ngamazwe, amazinga esistimu yesitifiketi se-OEM, futhi kuhlanganiswe nokusebenza kwemakethe, iphinde yajoyina ithrekhi yomkhiqizo wezigcobo futhi yazuza intuthuko esheshayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uwoyela wokugcoba umncintiswano phakathi kwemikhiqizo, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi kuwumncintiswano phakathi kochungechunge lokunikezela kanye nezinzuzo zezimboni ngemuva komkhiqizo. Embonini yemakethe yezimoto, into eyodwa kuphela engaba ithoni yaphakade, futhi okungukuthi: ukunikeza amakhasimende inani elikhulu kakhulu kanye nemikhiqizo yekhwalithi engabizi kakhulu namasevisi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi impi yentengo, okubalulekile ukuqoqwa nokulawulwa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene embonini. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi ubani ongadlala kahle futhi aqhubeke nokudlala kahle. Impendulo yemakethe izofakazela ukuthi abawinile kuphela bemodeli + yesevisi + umkhiqizo + uhlelo lwentengo abangaphuma embuthanweni.